Economic
Wheel – Economic Concentration Degree and Regional Economic Diversification Indicator
System
Wheel – Economic Concentration Degree and Regional Economic Diversification Indicator
System
经济之轮 – 经济集中度与区域经济多元化指标体系
1.
Introduction
Introduction
In economic work, we often talked about product diversification, market
diversification. In the economy, all industries have to be developed
simultaneously, so as to achieve the so-called “one flower alone is not spring, all flowers flourishing make a full
spring garden” situation. The problems involved here can be
theoreticized into product economic structure, market economic structure and
industry economic structure in economics. This also belongs to regional
economic balance property, which is the balance property of regional economic
diversification. Based on this, here I proposed Beizhan regional economic diversification theory and indicator system.
The diversification of the industries included here is just the industry
balance property of the regional economy.
diversification. In the economy, all industries have to be developed
simultaneously, so as to achieve the so-called “one flower alone is not spring, all flowers flourishing make a full
spring garden” situation. The problems involved here can be
theoreticized into product economic structure, market economic structure and
industry economic structure in economics. This also belongs to regional
economic balance property, which is the balance property of regional economic
diversification. Based on this, here I proposed Beizhan regional economic diversification theory and indicator system.
The diversification of the industries included here is just the industry
balance property of the regional economy.
2.
Existing Concept
Existing Concept
2.1.
Industry concentration
Industry concentration
“Industry concentration degree (Concentration Ratio), also known as
industry concentration ratio or market concentration ratio (market concentration
rate), refers to the sum of the market shares of the largest N enterprises in a
certain industry (production value, production volume, sales total, sales
volume, total number of employees, asset total, etc..), it is the measurement
indicator for the whole industry market structure concentration degree, it is used for evaluating the difference of
enterprise quantity and relative scale, it is an important quantitative
indicator of the market forces.” [1]
industry concentration ratio or market concentration ratio (market concentration
rate), refers to the sum of the market shares of the largest N enterprises in a
certain industry (production value, production volume, sales total, sales
volume, total number of employees, asset total, etc..), it is the measurement
indicator for the whole industry market structure concentration degree, it is used for evaluating the difference of
enterprise quantity and relative scale, it is an important quantitative
indicator of the market forces.” [1]
2.2.
Hirschman index
Hirschman index
“Hirschman index is based on the
industry’s total number of enterprises and the scale of distribution, which is
the sum of the square of market share of the market contribution of all
enterprises on the relative market.” [2]
industry’s total number of enterprises and the scale of distribution, which is
the sum of the square of market share of the market contribution of all
enterprises on the relative market.” [2]
2.3.
Entropy index
Entropy index
“Entropy index
(simplified as E index) borrows the concept of entropy in information theory,
with the meaning of the average amount of information; its definition is as the
formula below:
(simplified as E index) borrows the concept of entropy in information theory,
with the meaning of the average amount of information; its definition is as the
formula below:
N
EI = ΣSi(log(1/Si)
i=1
EI is the entropy index; Si is the market share of the i-th enterprise (sales
total or added value, etc.); n is the total number of enterprises in the
market. ” [3]
total or added value, etc.); n is the total number of enterprises in the
market. ” [3]
These existing indicators are not comprehensive enough, not simple enough,
focusing and rationality are also questionable.
3.
Beizhan Regional Economic Diversification Theory
Beizhan Regional Economic Diversification Theory
Beizhan
regional economic diversification theory
mainly refers to Beizhan regional economic
diversification indicator system.
regional economic diversification theory
mainly refers to Beizhan regional economic
diversification indicator system.
3.1.
Beizhan regional economic diversification property indicator system
Beizhan regional economic diversification property indicator system
3.1.1.
Definition
Definition
3.1.1.1. Product
3.1.1.1.1. Single product economic
concentration degree (supply concentration degree)
concentration degree (supply concentration degree)
Single
product economic concentration degree refers to the
ratio between the production value of a given product (including service
product) provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year) to the total production value of this enterprise. This
is an indicator to describe the proportion of one kind product in the market
supply of an enterprise, that is, the supply concentration degree of the
product.
product economic concentration degree refers to the
ratio between the production value of a given product (including service
product) provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year) to the total production value of this enterprise. This
is an indicator to describe the proportion of one kind product in the market
supply of an enterprise, that is, the supply concentration degree of the
product.
3.1.1.1.2. Single product marketized
concentration degree (sales concentration degree)
concentration degree (sales concentration degree)
Single product marketized
concentration degree refers to the ratio
between the marketized production value of a given product (including service
product) provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year) to the total marketized production value of
this enterprise. This is a marketized indicator to describe the proportion of
one kind product in the market supply of an enterprise, that is, the sales
concentration degree of the product.
concentration degree refers to the ratio
between the marketized production value of a given product (including service
product) provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year) to the total marketized production value of
this enterprise. This is a marketized indicator to describe the proportion of
one kind product in the market supply of an enterprise, that is, the sales
concentration degree of the product.
3.1.1.1.3. Single product single
market concentration degree (sales ratio)
market concentration degree (sales ratio)
Single product single
market concentration degree refers to the ratio
between the sales total in a certain divided market space of a given product
(including service product) provided by a certain enterprise in a given
economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within
a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year) to the total sales of
this enterprise. This is an indicator to describe the sales situation in a
certain market space of an enterprise, that is, the sales ratio we often talked about.
market concentration degree refers to the ratio
between the sales total in a certain divided market space of a given product
(including service product) provided by a certain enterprise in a given
economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within
a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year) to the total sales of
this enterprise. This is an indicator to describe the sales situation in a
certain market space of an enterprise, that is, the sales ratio we often talked about.
3.1.1.1.4. Single product market
concentration degree
concentration degree
Single product market
concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the single
market concentration degree of a given product (including service product)
provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year) to the total sales of this product. This is an
indicator to describe whether the sales of one kind product in an enterprise’s
whole market space are averaging, that is, an indicator to evaluate the market diversification of a single product.
concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the single
market concentration degree of a given product (including service product)
provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year) to the total sales of this product. This is an
indicator to describe whether the sales of one kind product in an enterprise’s
whole market space are averaging, that is, an indicator to evaluate the market diversification of a single product.
3.1.1.2.
Enterprise
Enterprise
3.1.1.2.1. Enterprise product
economic concentration degree
economic concentration degree
Enterprise product
economic concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the single product economic concentration degree of all
products (including service products) provided by a certain enterprise in a
given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.)
within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year). This is an
indicator to describe the product
diversification (product structure) of an enterprise.
economic concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the single product economic concentration degree of all
products (including service products) provided by a certain enterprise in a
given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.)
within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year). This is an
indicator to describe the product
diversification (product structure) of an enterprise.
3.1.1.2.2. Enterprise product
marketized concentration
degree
marketized concentration
degree
Enterprise product marketized concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the single
product marketized concentration degree of all products (including service
products) provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year). This is a marketized indicator to describe
the product diversification (product
structure) of an enterprise.
product marketized concentration degree of all products (including service
products) provided by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year). This is a marketized indicator to describe
the product diversification (product
structure) of an enterprise.
3.1.1.2.3. Enterprise market
concentration degree
concentration degree
Enterprise market concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the market
concentration degree of all products (including service products) provided
by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as: country, province,
city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such
as: one year). This is an indicator to describe the market diversification (market structure) of an enterprise.
concentration degree of all products (including service products) provided
by a certain enterprise in a given economic space (such as: country, province,
city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such
as: one year). This is an indicator to describe the market diversification (market structure) of an enterprise.
3.1.1.3.
Industry
Industry
3.1.1.3.1. Industry product economic
concentration
concentration
Industry product economic concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the product
economic concentration degree of all enterprises belonging to a certain
industry in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region,
county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
This is an indicator to describe the product
diversification (product structure) of an industry.
economic concentration degree of all enterprises belonging to a certain
industry in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region,
county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
This is an indicator to describe the product
diversification (product structure) of an industry.
3.1.1.3.2. Industry product
marketized concentration degree
marketized concentration degree
Industry product
marketized concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the product marketized concentration degree of all
enterprises belonging to a certain industry in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year). This is a marketized indicator to describe
the product diversification (product
structure) of an industry.
marketized concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the product marketized concentration degree of all
enterprises belonging to a certain industry in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year). This is a marketized indicator to describe
the product diversification (product
structure) of an industry.
3.1.1.3.3. Industry market
concentration degree
concentration degree
Industry market concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the market concentration degree of all enterprises
belonging to a certain industry in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year). This is an indicator to describe the market diversification (market
structure) of an industry. Here is a prerequisite: in the same level of
calculation, the market division of all enterprises shall be the same.
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the market concentration degree of all enterprises
belonging to a certain industry in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year). This is an indicator to describe the market diversification (market
structure) of an industry. Here is a prerequisite: in the same level of
calculation, the market division of all enterprises shall be the same.
3.1.1.3.4. Single enterprise
industry concentration degree
industry concentration degree
Single enterprise
industry concentration degree refers to the ratio
between the production value provided in the market of a given enterprise in a
given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.)
within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year) to the total
production value of a certain industry. This is an indicator to describe the
proportion of one enterprise in the market supply of a whole industry, that is,
the supply concentration degree of this enterprise in the belonged industry
(monopoly level)
industry concentration degree refers to the ratio
between the production value provided in the market of a given enterprise in a
given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.)
within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year) to the total
production value of a certain industry. This is an indicator to describe the
proportion of one enterprise in the market supply of a whole industry, that is,
the supply concentration degree of this enterprise in the belonged industry
(monopoly level)
3.1.1.3.5. Industry concentration
degree
degree
Industry concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the industry
concentration degree of all enterprises belonging to a certain industry in
a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.)
within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year). This is an
indicator to describe the enterprise
diversification (Enterprise structure and industry monopoly property) of an
industry.
concentration degree of all enterprises belonging to a certain industry in
a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.)
within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year). This is an
indicator to describe the enterprise
diversification (Enterprise structure and industry monopoly property) of an
industry.
3.1.1.4. Region
3.1.1.4.1. Regional product economic
concentration degree
concentration degree
Regional product economic concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the product
economic concentration degree of all industries belonging to a certain
economic region in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city,
region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one
year). This is an indicator to describe the product diversification (product structure) of an economic region.
3.1.1.4.2. Regional product
marketized concentration degree
marketized concentration degree
Regional product
marketized concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the product marketized concentration degree of all
industries belonging to a certain economic region in a given economic space
(such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain
statistical period of time (such as: one year). This is a marketized indicator
to describe the product diversification (product
structure) of an economic region.
marketized concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the product marketized concentration degree of all
industries belonging to a certain economic region in a given economic space
(such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain
statistical period of time (such as: one year). This is a marketized indicator
to describe the product diversification (product
structure) of an economic region.
3.1.1.4.3. Regional market
concentration degree
concentration degree
Regional market concentration
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the market concentration degree of all industries
belonging to a certain economic region in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year). This is an indicator to describe the market diversification (market
structure) of an economic region. Here is a prerequisite: in the same level of
calculation, all market division shall be consistent.
degree refers to the weighted
average value of the market concentration degree of all industries
belonging to a certain economic region in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year). This is an indicator to describe the market diversification (market
structure) of an economic region. Here is a prerequisite: in the same level of
calculation, all market division shall be consistent.
3.1.1.4.4. Regional industry
concentration degree
concentration degree
Regional industry concentration degree refers to the weighted average value of the industry
concentration degree of all industries belonging to a certain economic
region in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region,
county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
This is an indicator to describe the enterprise
diversification (Industry structure and economic monopoly property) of an
economic region.
concentration degree of all industries belonging to a certain economic
region in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region,
county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
This is an indicator to describe the enterprise
diversification (Industry structure and economic monopoly property) of an
economic region.
3.1.2. Calculation
The following calculations refer to the calculations of
specific measurement units in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year).
specific measurement units in a given economic space (such as: country,
province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of
time (such as: one year).
3.1.2.1. Products
3.1.2.1.1. Single product economic
concentration degree
concentration degree
Single
product economic concentration degree = the
production value of a certain product (including service product) / the total
production value of this enterprise
product economic concentration degree = the
production value of a certain product (including service product) / the total
production value of this enterprise
3.1.2.1.2. Single product marketized
concentration degree
concentration degree
Single product marketized
concentration degree = the marketized
production value of a certain product (including service product) / total
marketized production value of the enterprise
concentration degree = the marketized
production value of a certain product (including service product) / total
marketized production value of the enterprise
3.1.2.1.3. Single product single
market concentration degree
market concentration degree
Single product single
market concentration degree = sales total of a single
product (including service product) in a certain divided market space / total
sales of this product
market concentration degree = sales total of a single
product (including service product) in a certain divided market space / total
sales of this product
3.1.2.1.4. Single product market
concentration degree
concentration degree
Single
product market concentration degree = (Σ single
market concentration degree of a single product (including service product) X
sales total of this product in the certain divided market space) / total sales
of this product
product market concentration degree = (Σ single
market concentration degree of a single product (including service product) X
sales total of this product in the certain divided market space) / total sales
of this product
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of divided market space for the product)
3.1.2.2. Enterprise
3.1.2.2.1.
Enterprise product economic concentration
Enterprise product economic concentration
Enterprise
product economic concentration
degree = (Σ single product economic concentration
degree (including service product) X the production value of this product)
/ total production value of this enterprise
product economic concentration
degree = (Σ single product economic concentration
degree (including service product) X the production value of this product)
/ total production value of this enterprise
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of product categories of the
enterprise)
enterprise)
3.1.2.2.2.
Enterprise product marketized concentration degree
Enterprise product marketized concentration degree
Enterprise
product marketized concentration
degree = (Σ single product
marketized concentration degree (including service product) X the production
value of this product) / total marketized production value of this enterprise
product marketized concentration
degree = (Σ single product
marketized concentration degree (including service product) X the production
value of this product) / total marketized production value of this enterprise
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of product categories of the
enterprise)
enterprise)
3.1.2.2.3.
Enterprise market concentration degree
Enterprise market concentration degree
Enterprise
market concentration
degree = (Σ single product market
concentration degree (including service product) X sales total of this
product) / total sales of this enterprise
market concentration
degree = (Σ single product market
concentration degree (including service product) X sales total of this
product) / total sales of this enterprise
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of product categories of the
enterprise)
enterprise)
3.1.2.3. Industry
3.1.2.3.1.
Industry product economic concentration degree
Industry product economic concentration degree
Industry
product economic concentration
degree = (Σ single enterprise
economic concentration degree X the production value of this enterprise) /
total production value of this industry
product economic concentration
degree = (Σ single enterprise
economic concentration degree X the production value of this enterprise) /
total production value of this industry
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of enterprises in this industry)
3.1.2.3.2.
Industry product marketized concentration degree
Industry product marketized concentration degree
Industry
product marketized concentration
degree = (Σ single enterprise marketized
concentration degree X the marketized production value of this enterprise)
/ total marketized production value of this industry
product marketized concentration
degree = (Σ single enterprise marketized
concentration degree X the marketized production value of this enterprise)
/ total marketized production value of this industry
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of enterprises in this industry)
3.1.2.3.3.
Industry market concentration degree
Industry market concentration degree
Industry
market concentration
degree = (Σ single enterprise market
concentration degree X sales total of this enterprise) / total sales of
this industry
market concentration
degree = (Σ single enterprise market
concentration degree X sales total of this enterprise) / total sales of
this industry
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of enterprises in this industry)
(Prerequisite: in the same level of calculation, the market division of all
enterprises shall be the same.)
enterprises shall be the same.)
3.1.2.3.4.
Single enterprise industry concentration degree
Single enterprise industry concentration degree
Single
enterprise industry concentration degree
= the production value of a single enterprise / total production value of the
industry
enterprise industry concentration degree
= the production value of a single enterprise / total production value of the
industry
3.1.2.3.5.
Industry concentration
Industry concentration
Industry
concentration degree = (Σ industry concentration degree of a single enterprise
X the production value of this
enterprise) / total production value of this industry
concentration degree = (Σ industry concentration degree of a single enterprise
X the production value of this
enterprise) / total production value of this industry
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of enterprises in this industry)
3.1.2.4. Region
3.1.2.4.1.
Regional product economic concentration degree
Regional product economic concentration degree
Regional
product economic concentration
degree = (Σ single industry economic
concentration degree X the production value of this industry) / total
production value of this region
product economic concentration
degree = (Σ single industry economic
concentration degree X the production value of this industry) / total
production value of this region
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of industries in this region)
3.1.2.4.2.
Regional product marketized concentration degree
Regional product marketized concentration degree
Regional
product marketized concentration
degree = (Σ single industry marketized
concentration degree X the marketized production value of this industry) /
total marketized production value of this region
product marketized concentration
degree = (Σ single industry marketized
concentration degree X the marketized production value of this industry) /
total marketized production value of this region
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of industries in this
region)
region)
3.1.2.4.3.
Regional market concentration degree
Regional market concentration degree
Regional
market concentration
degree = (Σ single industry market
concentration degree X sales total of this industry) / total sales of this
region
market concentration
degree = (Σ single industry market
concentration degree X sales total of this industry) / total sales of this
region
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of industries in this region)
(Prerequisite: in the same level of calculation, all market division shall
be consistent.)
be consistent.)
3.1.2.4.4.
Regional industry concentration degree
Regional industry concentration degree
Regional
industry concentration degree = (Σ industry concentration degree of a single
industry X the production value
of this industry) / total production value of this region
industry concentration degree = (Σ industry concentration degree of a single
industry X the production value
of this industry) / total production value of this region
(Scope of Σ: 1 – N; N: total number of industries in this region)
4.
Significance
Significance
Beizhan
regional economic diversification theory
has the following significances:
regional economic diversification theory
has the following significances:
4.1.
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
explored the diversification property of regional economy more deeply and comprehensively, from the product diversification
at the bottom, to the market diversification, to the enterprise
diversification, and then to the industry diversification, established a set
of more complete regional economic
diversification indicator system;
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
explored the diversification property of regional economy more deeply and comprehensively, from the product diversification
at the bottom, to the market diversification, to the enterprise
diversification, and then to the industry diversification, established a set
of more complete regional economic
diversification indicator system;
4.2.
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
is an effective tool to guide enterprises to develop a diversified product
structure, to develop diversified markets; to guide region to develop
diversification business, to avoid a simplification and monopoly;
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
is an effective tool to guide enterprises to develop a diversified product
structure, to develop diversified markets; to guide region to develop
diversification business, to avoid a simplification and monopoly;
4.3.
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
is an effective magic weapon to improve enterprise economic structure, industry
economic structure and regional economic structure;
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
is an effective magic weapon to improve enterprise economic structure, industry
economic structure and regional economic structure;
4.4.
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
unified the traditional macroeconomics and microeconomics again, verified the
correctness of Beizhan school of thought again;
Beizhan regional economic diversification theory
unified the traditional macroeconomics and microeconomics again, verified the
correctness of Beizhan school of thought again;
1.
前言
前言
在经济工作中，我们也经常提到产品多元化，市场多元化。在经济上要百业并举，实现所谓的“一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园”的局面。这里所涉及的问题在经济学中就可以理论化为产品经济结构，市场经济结构和行业经济结构，这也属于经济均衡性，是经济多元化的均衡性。基于此，我提出备战区域经济多元化理论及指标体系。这里所包括的行业的多元化就是区域经济的行业均衡性。
2.
现有的概念
现有的概念
2.1. 行业集中度
“行业集中度(Concentration Ratio)又称行业集中率或市场集中度（Market
Concentration Rate），是指某行业的相关市场内前N家最大的企业所占市场份额（产值、产量、销售额、销售量、职工人数、资产总额等）的总和，是对整个行业的市场结构集中程度的测量指标，用来衡量企业的数目和相对规模的差异，是市场势力的重要量化指标。”[1]
Concentration Rate），是指某行业的相关市场内前N家最大的企业所占市场份额（产值、产量、销售额、销售量、职工人数、资产总额等）的总和，是对整个行业的市场结构集中程度的测量指标，用来衡量企业的数目和相对规模的差异，是市场势力的重要量化指标。”[1]
2.2.
赫希曼指数
赫希曼指数
“赫希曼指数是指基于该行业中企业的总数和规模分布，即将相关市场上的所有企业
市场贡献的市场份额的平方后再相加的总和”[2]
2.3.
熵指数
熵指数
“熵指数（简称E指数）借用了信息理论中熵的概念，具有平均信息量的含义，其定义公式为：
N
EI = ΣSi(log(1/Si)
i=1
EI为熵指数；Si为第i企业的市场份额（销售额或增加值等）；n为该市场中的企业总数。” [3]
这些已有的指标都不够全面，也不够简单，针对性和合理性也值得商榷。
3.
备战区域经济多元化理论
备战区域经济多元化理论
备战区域经济多元化理论主要指的就是备战区域经济多元化指标体系。
3.1.
备战区域经济多元化指标体系
备战区域经济多元化指标体系
3.1.1.
定义
定义
3.1.1.1.产品
3.1.1.1.1.
单一产品经济集中度
单一产品经济集中度
单一产品经济集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的某一种产品（包括服务性产品）的生产价值同该企业总的生产价值的比率。这是描述一种产品在一个企业经营活动中所占比重的指标，也就是该产品的集中程度。
3.1.1.1.2.
单一产品市场化集中度（销售集中度）
单一产品市场化集中度（销售集中度）
单一产品市场化集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的某一种产品（包括服务性产品）的市场化生产价值同该企业总的市场化生产价值的比率。这是描述一种产品在一个企业经营活动中所占比重的市场化指标，也就是该产品的销售集中程度。
3.1.1.1.3.
单一产品单一市场集中度（销售率）
单一产品单一市场集中度（销售率）
单一产品单一市场集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的某一种产品（包括服务性产品）在某一个划分的市场空间的销售额同该企业总的销售额的比值。这是描述一种产品在一个企业的某一个市场空间中的销售情况的指标，也就是常讲的销售率。
3.1.1.1.4.
单一产品市场集中度
单一产品市场集中度
单一产品市场集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的某一种产品（包括服务性产品）的市场集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一种产品在一个企业的全部市场空间中的销售是否是平均化的指标，也就是评估单一产品市场多元化的指标。
3.1.1.2.企业
3.1.1.2.1.
企业产品经济集中度
企业产品经济集中度
企业产品经济集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的所有产品（包括服务性产品）的单一产品经济集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个企业产品多元化（产品结构）的指标。
3.1.1.2.2.
企业产品市场化集中度
企业产品市场化集中度
企业市场化集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的所有产品的市场化集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个企业产品多元化（产品结构）的市场化指标。
3.1.1.2.3.
企业市场集中度
企业市场集中度
企业市场集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的所有产品（包括服务性产品）的市场集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个企业的市场多元化（市场结构）的指标。
3.1.1.3.行业
3.1.1.3.1.
行业产品经济集中度
行业产品经济集中度
行业产品经济集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业所属的所有企业的产品经济集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个行业产品多元化（产品结构）的指标。
3.1.1.3.2.
行业产品市场化集中度
行业产品市场化集中度
行业产品市场化集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业所属的所有企业的产品市场化集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个行业产品多元化（产品结构）的市场化指标。
3.1.1.3.3.
行业市场集中度
行业市场集中度
行业市场集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业所属的所有企业的市场集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个行业的市场多元化（市场结构）的指标。这里有一个前提条件，在相同级别的计算中，所有企业的市场划分是一致的。
3.1.1.3.4.
单一企业行业集中度
单一企业行业集中度
单一企业行业集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个企业在市场中所提供的生产价值总和同该行业总的生产价值的比率。这是描述一个企业的经济活动在某一行业中所占比重的指标，也就是该企业的在其所属行业的集中程度（垄断程度）。
3.1.1.3.5.
行业集中度
行业集中度
行业集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业所属的所有企业的行业集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个行业的企业多元化（企业结构与行业垄断性）的指标。
3.1.1.4.区域
3.1.1.4.1.
区域产品经济集中度
区域产品经济集中度
区域产品经济集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个经济区域所属的所有行业的产品经济集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个经济区域产品多元化（产品结构）的指标。
3.1.1.4.2.
区域产品市场化集中度
区域产品市场化集中度
区域产品市场化集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个经济区域所属的所有行业的产品市场化集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个经济区域产品多元化（产品结构）的市场化指标。
3.1.1.4.3.
区域市场集中度
区域市场集中度
区域市场集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个经济区域所属的所有行业的市场集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个经济区域的市场多元化（市场结构）的指标。这里也有一个前提条件，在相同级别的计算中，所有的市场划分均应当是一致的。
3.1.1.4.4.
区域行业集中度
区域行业集中度
区域行业集中度是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个区域行业所属的所有行业的行业集中度的加权平均值。这是描述一个经济区域的行业多元化（行业结构与经济垄断性）的指标。
3.1.2.
计算
计算
以下的概念及计算均是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），对某一个测量单位的定义及计算。
3.1.2.1.产品
3.1.2.1.1.
单一产品经济集中度
单一产品经济集中度
单一产品经济集中度 = 单一产品（包括服务型产品）的生产价值/该企业总的生产价值
3.1.2.1.2.
单一产品市场化集中度
单一产品市场化集中度
单一产品市场化集中度 = 单一产品（包括服务性产品）的市场化生产价值 / 该企业总的市场化生产价值
3.1.2.1.3.
单一产品单一市场集中度
单一产品单一市场集中度
单一产品单一市场集中度 = 单一产品（包括服务性产品）在某一个划分的市场空间的销售额 / 该产品总的销售额
3.1.2.1.4.
单一产品市场集中度
单一产品市场集中度
单一产品市场集中度 = (Σ单一产品（包括服务性产品）的单一市场集中度X该产品在该市场空间的销售额）/
该产品总的销售额
该产品总的销售额
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 产品市场空间划分总数)
3.1.2.2.企业
3.1.2.2.1.
企业产品经济集中度
企业产品经济集中度
企业产品经济集中度 = (Σ单一产品（包括服务性产品）的经济集中度X该产品的生产价值）/ 该企业总的生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 企业的产品类别总数)
3.1.2.2.2.
企业产品市场化集中度
企业产品市场化集中度
企业产品市场化集中度 = (Σ单一产品（包括服务性产品）的市场化集中度X该产品的市场化生产价值）/ 该企业总的市场化生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N:
企业的产品类别总数)
企业的产品类别总数)
3.1.2.2.3.
企业市场集中度
企业市场集中度
企业市场集中度 = (Σ单一产品（包括服务性产品）的市场集中度X该产品的销售额）/ 该企业总的销售额
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 企业的产品类别总数)
3.1.2.3.行业
3.1.2.3.1.
行业产品经济集中度
行业产品经济集中度
行业产品经济集中度 = (Σ单一企业的产品经济集中度X该企业的生产价值）/ 该行业总的生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该行业的企业总数)
3.1.2.3.2.
行业产品市场化集中度
行业产品市场化集中度
行业产品市场化集中度 = (Σ单一企业的市场化集中度X该企业的市场化生产价值）/ 该行业总的市场化生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该行业的企业总数)
3.1.2.3.3.
行业市场集中度
行业市场集中度
行业市场集中度 = (Σ单一企业的市场集中度X该企业的销售额) / 该行业总的销售额
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该行业的企业总数)
(前提条件: 在相同级别的计算中，所有企业的市场划分是一致的。)
3.1.2.3.4.
单一企业行业集中度
单一企业行业集中度
单一企业行业集中度 = 单一企业的生产价值
/ 该行业总的生产价值
/ 该行业总的生产价值
3.1.2.3.5.
行业集中度
行业集中度
行业集中度 = (Σ单一企业的行业集中度X该企业的生产价值) / 该行业总的生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该行业的企业总数)
3.1.2.4.区域
3.1.2.4.1.
区域产品经济集中度
区域产品经济集中度
区域产品经济集中度 = (Σ单一行业的产品经济集中度X该行业的生产价值）/ 该区域总的生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该区域的行业总数)
3.1.2.4.2.
区域产品市场化集中度
区域产品市场化集中度
区域产品市场化集中度 = (Σ单一行业的市场化集中度X该行业的市场化生产价值）/ 该区域总的市场化生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该区域的行业总数)
3.1.2.4.3.
区域市场集中度
区域市场集中度
区域市场集中度 = (Σ单一行业的市场集中度X该行业的销售额) / 该区域的总的销售额
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该区域的行业总数)
(前提条件: 在相同级别的计算中，所有企业的市场划分是一致的。)
3.1.2.4.4.
区域行业集中度
区域行业集中度
区域行业集中度 = (Σ单一行业的行业集中度X该行业的生产价值) / 该区域总的生产价值
(Σ的范围：1-N; N: 该区域的行业总数)
4.
意义
意义
备战区域经济多元化理论具有如下的意义：
4.1.备战区域经济多元化理论较为深入和全面地探讨了区域经济的多元化特性，从最底层的产品多元化，到市场多元化，到企业多元化，再到行业多元化，建立了一套较为完全的区域经济多元化指标体系；
4.2.备战区域经济多元化理论是指导企业发展多元化产品结构，开发多元化市场，区域发展多元化经营，避免单一化和垄断化的有效工具；
4.3.备战区域经济多元化理论是完善企业经济结构，行业经济结构和区域经济结构的有效法宝；
4.4.备战区域经济多元化理论再次统一了传统宏观经济学和微观经济学，再次证明备战学派的正确性；
— Beizhan Liu
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