Economic Wheel –The Internationalization
Index of Economic Wheel
经济之轮 – 经济轮的国际化指标
The author puts forward the concept of economic
wheel internationalization index for the first time. This concept has a
very realistic and precise guiding significance for international division of
labor and international cooperation. It is the theoretical foundation for the
internationalization strategy development of an economic wheel; it is also the
theoretical foundation to promote rational development of economic
globalization and localization; it is a significant contribution to Beizhan economics school of thought.
wheel internationalization index for the first time. This concept has a
very realistic and precise guiding significance for international division of
labor and international cooperation. It is the theoretical foundation for the
internationalization strategy development of an economic wheel; it is also the
theoretical foundation to promote rational development of economic
globalization and localization; it is a significant contribution to Beizhan economics school of thought.
1. Introduction
Economic globalization and internationalization are a necessary for technology
development, and an inevitable result of resource allocation and market
expansion on a global scale. So, how to determine the degree of
internationalization of an economic wheel? Here I propose the concept of economic wheel internationalization index
to comprehensively analysis and
elaborate the internationalization level of an economic wheel, and provide
accurate data foundation for international division of labor and cooperation in
accordance with this theory. When a country is called as an economic wheel, the
economic wheel international index turn out to be a country’s macroeconomic
internationalization index, which is the tenth index of the national economic evaluation
system, which is the internationalization
index of national economic development.
2. Economic wheel internationalization
index
For each economic wheel, its internationalization contains two aspect meanings:
one is the development situation of the local enterprises and products outside
the specified economic wheel; one is the development situation within an
economic wheel of international enterprises and products from outside a
specified economic wheel. Therefore, the
concept of economic wheel internationalization index shall be a concept
portfolio, not just one concept. The following is the specialization of
this concept portfolio:
2.1. Local internationalization index
2.1.1. Local enterprise internationalization index
This concept has many similar wordings, such as: the
internationalization degree of enterprise [1], the enterprise
internationalization index [2], the evaluation index system of
economic internationalization [3], and so on. But these wordings are
either descriptions of the internationalization degree of a single enterprise,
or a multi-faceted internationalization index synthesized with both domestic
and international factors.
Local enterprise internationalization index of an economic wheel I proposed
is not a description of internationalization degree of a single enterprise, nor
is it a description of the internationalization degree of an enterprise within
an economic wheel; it is a description of the participation degree of
enterprises within an economic wheel for the economic activities outside the
economic wheel. Local enterprise
internationalization index refers to the participation degree of enterprises
inside an economic wheel for economic activities outside the economic wheel.
is not a description of internationalization degree of a single enterprise, nor
is it a description of the internationalization degree of an enterprise within
an economic wheel; it is a description of the participation degree of
enterprises within an economic wheel for the economic activities outside the
economic wheel. Local enterprise
internationalization index refers to the participation degree of enterprises
inside an economic wheel for economic activities outside the economic wheel.
2.1.2. Calculation of local enterprise
internationalization index
The local enterprise internationalization index should be easily
calculated. There are two main situations for enterprises inside an economic
wheel participating economic activities outside an economic wheel which shall
be considered: one is that the local enterprises have independent office
outside its belonged economic wheel, and one is that local enterprises have
products or services sold outside its belonged economic wheel, the duplication
of these two situations will not repeat in calculation. Non-operating financial
activities shall not be considered.
calculated. There are two main situations for enterprises inside an economic
wheel participating economic activities outside an economic wheel which shall
be considered: one is that the local enterprises have independent office
outside its belonged economic wheel, and one is that local enterprises have
products or services sold outside its belonged economic wheel, the duplication
of these two situations will not repeat in calculation. Non-operating financial
activities shall not be considered.
Local enterprise internationalization index
= Total number of enterprises engaged in external economic activities in an economic
wheel / Total number of enterprises in an economic wheel
2.1.3. Systematization of local
enterprise internationalization index
Local enterprise internationalization index can
understand the overall situation of the internationalization of enterprises
within an economic wheel, but they can not understand the different aspects of
the enterprise internationalization degree in an economic wheel. Therefore, it
is necessary to draw lessons from the economic internationalization evaluation
index system [3] to establish a local enterprise
internationalization index system. The
local enterprise internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of enterprise internationalization degree
within an economic wheel. This
system can include: local product internationalization index, local service
internationalization index, local financial service internationalization index,
local technology internationalization index, local capital internationalization
index, local operation internationalization index, and so on.
2.1.3.1. Local product
internationalization index
2.1.3.1.1. Definition of local product internationalization index
The degree of which the products manufactured inside an economic wheel were
sold outside the economic wheel is defined as local product
internationalization index of the economic wheel.
2.1.3.1.2. Calculation of local product internationalization index
Local product internationalization index
= The total sales revenue of products manufactured inside an economic wheel
sold outside the economic wheel / The total sales revenue of products
manufactured inside the economic wheel
2.1.3.1.3.
Systematization of local product internationalization index
Systematization of local product internationalization index
As the local enterprise internationalization index, local product
internationalization index can understand the overall situation of the product
internationalization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of the local product internationalization of an economic wheel.
Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization
evaluation index system [3] to establish a local product
internationalization index system. The
local product internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of product internationalization degree within
an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index of local
agricultural and sideline products, internationalization index of local
military products, internationalization index of local information products, internationalization
index of local resource products, internationalization index of local transportation
products, internationalization index of local livelihood products, etc. It
is not necessary to evaluate every product, it is enough to evaluate several major
product categories, when it is needed, a single product can be evaluated.
internationalization index can understand the overall situation of the product
internationalization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of the local product internationalization of an economic wheel.
Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization
evaluation index system [3] to establish a local product
internationalization index system. The
local product internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of product internationalization degree within
an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index of local
agricultural and sideline products, internationalization index of local
military products, internationalization index of local information products, internationalization
index of local resource products, internationalization index of local transportation
products, internationalization index of local livelihood products, etc. It
is not necessary to evaluate every product, it is enough to evaluate several major
product categories, when it is needed, a single product can be evaluated.
2.1.3.2. Local service
internationalization index
2.1.3.2.1. Definition of local service internationalization index
The degree which service enterprises inside an economic wheel provide services
outside the economic wheel is defined as local service internationalization
index of the economic wheel.
2.1.3.2.2. Calculation of
local service internationalization index
local service internationalization index
Local service internationalization index = Total sales revenue of services
provided outside an economic wheel by the service enterprises inside the
economic wheel / Total sales revenue of services provided by the service
enterprises inside the economic wheel.
2.1.3.2.3.
Systematization of local service internationalization index
Systematization of local service internationalization index
As the local enterprise internationalization index, local service
internationalization index can understand the overall situation of the service
internationalization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of the local service internationalization of an economic wheel.
Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization
evaluation index system [3] to establish a local service
internationalization index system. The
local service internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of service internationalization degree within
an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index of local
travel services, internationalization index of local human resource services,
internationalization index of local financial services, internationalization
index of local information services, internationalization index of local
education services, internationalization index of local transportation
services, internationalization index of local health care services, etc. It
is not necessary to evaluate every service, it is enough to evaluate several
major service categories, when it is needed, a single service can be evaluated.
internationalization index can understand the overall situation of the service
internationalization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of the local service internationalization of an economic wheel.
Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization
evaluation index system [3] to establish a local service
internationalization index system. The
local service internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of service internationalization degree within
an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index of local
travel services, internationalization index of local human resource services,
internationalization index of local financial services, internationalization
index of local information services, internationalization index of local
education services, internationalization index of local transportation
services, internationalization index of local health care services, etc. It
is not necessary to evaluate every service, it is enough to evaluate several
major service categories, when it is needed, a single service can be evaluated.
2.1.3.3. Local technology
internationalization index
internationalization index
2.1.3.3.1. Definition of local technology internationalization index
The degree of technology output outside an economic wheel by enterprises inside
the economic wheel is defined as local technology internationalization index.
2.1.3.3.2. Calculation of local
technology internationalization index
Local technology internationalization
index = Total sales revenue of technology output outside an economic wheel by
enterprises inside the economic wheel / Total sales revenue of technology output
by enterprises inside the economic wheel.
2.1.3.3.3. Systematization of local
technology internationalization index
When necessary, it is also possible to establish a local technology
internationalization index system. The
local technology internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of technology internationalization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index
of local information technology, internationalization index of local
transportation technology, internationalization index of local military
technology, internationalization index of local agriculture technology,
internationalization index of local pharmaceutical and healthcare technology,
etc.
2.1.3.4. Local capital
internationalization index
2.1.3.4.1. Definition of local capital internationalization index
The degree of capital
output outside an economic wheel by enterprises inside the economic wheel is
defined as local capital internationalization index.
output outside an economic wheel by enterprises inside the economic wheel is
defined as local capital internationalization index.
2.1.3.4.2. Calculation of local capital
internationalization index
Local capital
internationalization index = The sum of the total capital output of an economic
wheel from all enterprises inside the economic wheel / The sum of the total
current assets of all enterprises inside the economic wheel
internationalization index = The sum of the total capital output of an economic
wheel from all enterprises inside the economic wheel / The sum of the total
current assets of all enterprises inside the economic wheel
Here the capital
output refers to the existence of any form of capital outside an economic wheel
of all enterprises inside the economic wheel.
output refers to the existence of any form of capital outside an economic wheel
of all enterprises inside the economic wheel.
2.1.3.4.3.
Systematization of local capital internationalization index
Systematization of local capital internationalization index
When necessary, it is also possible to establish a local capital
internationalization index system. The
local capital internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of capital internationalization degree within an
economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index of local
operational capital, internationalization index of local investment capital,
etc.
internationalization index system. The
local capital internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of capital internationalization degree within an
economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization index of local
operational capital, internationalization index of local investment capital,
etc.
2.1.3.5. Local operation
internationalization index
2.1.3.5.1. Definition of local operation
internationalization index
The degree which enterprises inside an
economic wheel have operation organization outside the economic wheel is
defined as local operation internationalization index of the economic wheel.
2.1.3.5.2. Calculation of local operation
internationalization index
Local operation internationalization index = Total number of enterprises inside
an economic wheel which have operation organization outside the economic wheel
/ total number of enterprises within an economic wheel
2.1.3.5.3. Systematization of local
operation internationalization index
When necessary, it is also possible to establish a local operation
internationalization index system. The
local operation internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of operation internationalization degree within
an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization operation index
of local manufacturing industry, internationalization operation index of local
service industry, internationalization operation index of local finance
industry, etc.
internationalization index system. The
local operation internationalization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of operation internationalization degree within
an economic wheel. This system can include: internationalization operation index
of local manufacturing industry, internationalization operation index of local
service industry, internationalization operation index of local finance
industry, etc.
2.2. International localization index
2.2.1. International enterprise localization index
As local enterprise internationalization index, there are
many similar wordings to the concept of international enterprise localization
index, such as the multinational corporation localization index [4],
and so on. But this concept is mostly for describing the localization degree of
a single international corporation. The international enterprise localization
index of an economic wheel I proposed is not a description of the localization
degree of a single international corporation; it is a description of the
participation degree of enterprises outside an economic wheel for the economic
activities inside the economic wheel.
International enterprise localization index refers to the participation degree
of enterprises outside an economic wheel for economic activities inside the
economic wheel.
2.2.2. Calculation of
international enterprise localization index
international enterprise localization index
International enterprise localization index can be easily calculated. There
are two main situations for enterprises outside an economic wheel participating
economic activities inside the economic wheel which shall be considered: one is
that international enterprises have independent office inside an economic
wheel, and one is that international enterprises have products or services sold
inside an economic wheel, the duplication of these two situations will not
repeat in calculation. Non-operating financial activities shall not be
considered.
are two main situations for enterprises outside an economic wheel participating
economic activities inside the economic wheel which shall be considered: one is
that international enterprises have independent office inside an economic
wheel, and one is that international enterprises have products or services sold
inside an economic wheel, the duplication of these two situations will not
repeat in calculation. Non-operating financial activities shall not be
considered.
International enterprise localization index
= Total number of international enterprises engaged in economic activities inside
an economic wheel / Total number of enterprises inside the economic wheel
2.2.3. Systematization of international enterprise localization index
International enterprise localization index can understand the overall
situation of international enterprises (foreign enterprises) participating
economic activities within an economic wheel, but they can not understand the
different aspects of international enterprises localization degree in the
economic wheel. Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons from the economic
internationalization evaluation index system [3] to establish an
international enterprise localization index system. The international enterprise localization index system is an index
system for assessing the different aspects of international enterprise
localization degree within an economic wheel. This system can include: international product localization index,
international service localization index, international financial service
localization index, international technology localization index, international
capital localization index, international operation localization index, and so
on.
situation of international enterprises (foreign enterprises) participating
economic activities within an economic wheel, but they can not understand the
different aspects of international enterprises localization degree in the
economic wheel. Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons from the economic
internationalization evaluation index system [3] to establish an
international enterprise localization index system. The international enterprise localization index system is an index
system for assessing the different aspects of international enterprise
localization degree within an economic wheel. This system can include: international product localization index,
international service localization index, international financial service
localization index, international technology localization index, international
capital localization index, international operation localization index, and so
on.
2.2.3.1. International product
localization index
2.2.3.1.1. Definition of international product localization index
The degree of which the products
manufactured outside an economic wheel were sold inside the economic wheel is
defined as international product localization index of the economic wheel.
manufactured outside an economic wheel were sold inside the economic wheel is
defined as international product localization index of the economic wheel.
2.2.3.1.2. Calculation of international
product localization index
International product
localization index = The total sales revenue of products manufactured outside
an economic wheel sold inside the economic wheel / The total sales revenue of
products manufactured by enterprises inside the economic wheel and which were
sold inside the economic wheel
localization index = The total sales revenue of products manufactured outside
an economic wheel sold inside the economic wheel / The total sales revenue of
products manufactured by enterprises inside the economic wheel and which were
sold inside the economic wheel
2.2.3.1.3.
Systematization of international product localization index
Systematization of international product localization index
As international enterprise localization index, international product
localization index can understand the overall situation of the international
product localization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of the international product localization of the economic wheel.
Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization
evaluation index system [3] to establish an international product
localization index system. The
international product localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international product localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international agricultural
and sideline product localization index, international military product
localization index, international information product localization index,
international resource product localization index, international transportation
product localization index, international livelihood product localization
index, etc. It is not necessary to evaluate every product, it is enough to
evaluate several major product categories, when it is needed, a single product
can be evaluated.
localization index can understand the overall situation of the international
product localization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of the international product localization of the economic wheel.
Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization
evaluation index system [3] to establish an international product
localization index system. The
international product localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international product localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international agricultural
and sideline product localization index, international military product
localization index, international information product localization index,
international resource product localization index, international transportation
product localization index, international livelihood product localization
index, etc. It is not necessary to evaluate every product, it is enough to
evaluate several major product categories, when it is needed, a single product
can be evaluated.
2.2.3.2. International service
localization index
2.2.3.2.1. Definition of
international service localization index
international service localization index
The degree of which the service
enterprises outside an economic wheel provide services inside the economic
wheel is defined as international service localization index of the economic
wheel.
enterprises outside an economic wheel provide services inside the economic
wheel is defined as international service localization index of the economic
wheel.
2.2.3.2.2. Calculation of international
service localization index
International service
localization index = Total sales revenue of the services provided inside an
economic wheel by the service enterprises outside an economic wheel / Total
sales revenue of the services sold inside an economic wheel provided by the
service enterprises inside an economic wheel.
localization index = Total sales revenue of the services provided inside an
economic wheel by the service enterprises outside an economic wheel / Total
sales revenue of the services sold inside an economic wheel provided by the
service enterprises inside an economic wheel.
2.2.3.2.3. Systematization of
international service localization index
As international enterprise localization index, international service
localization index can understand the overall situation of the international
service localization within an economic wheel, but can not understand all
aspects of international service localization of an economic wheel. Therefore,
it is necessary to draw lessons on the economic internationalization evaluation
index system [3] to establish an international service localization
index system. The international service
localization index system is an index system for assessing the different
aspects of international service localization degree within an economic wheel.
This system can include: international travel service localization index,
international human resource service localization index, international
financial service localization index, international information service
localization index, international education service localization index,
international transportation service localization index, international health
care service localization, etc. It is not necessary to evaluate every
service, it is enough to evaluate several major service categories, when it is
needed, a single service can be evaluated.
2.2.3.3. International
technology localization Index
technology localization Index
2.2.3.3.1. Definition of international technology localization index
The degree of technology output
inside an economic wheel by enterprises outside the economic wheel is defined
as international technology localization index.
inside an economic wheel by enterprises outside the economic wheel is defined
as international technology localization index.
2.2.3.3.2. Calculation of international
technology localization index
International technology localization
index = Total sales revenue of technology output into an economic wheel by
enterprises outside the economic wheel / Total sales revenue of technology
output by enterprises inside the economic wheel.
2.2.3.3.3. Systematization of
international technology localization index
When necessary, it is also possible to establish an international
technology localization index system. The
international technology localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international technology localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international information technology
localization index, international transportation technology localization index,
international military technology localization index, international agriculture
technology localization index, international pharmaceutical and healthcare
technology localization index, etc.
technology localization index system. The
international technology localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international technology localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international information technology
localization index, international transportation technology localization index,
international military technology localization index, international agriculture
technology localization index, international pharmaceutical and healthcare
technology localization index, etc.
2.2.3.4. International capital
localization index
2.2.3.4.1. Definition of international capital localization index
The degree of capital
output inside an economic wheel by enterprises outside the economic wheel is
defined as international capital localization index.
output inside an economic wheel by enterprises outside the economic wheel is
defined as international capital localization index.
2.2.3.4.2. Calculation of international
capital localization index
International capital
localization index = The sum of total capital output inside an economic wheel
from all enterprises outside the economic wheel / The sum of the total current
assets of all enterprises inside the economic wheel
localization index = The sum of total capital output inside an economic wheel
from all enterprises outside the economic wheel / The sum of the total current
assets of all enterprises inside the economic wheel
Here the capital
output refers to the existence of any form of capital inside an economic wheel
of all enterprises outside the economic wheel.
output refers to the existence of any form of capital inside an economic wheel
of all enterprises outside the economic wheel.
2.2.3.4.3. Systematization of
international capital localization index
When necessary, it is also possible to establish an international capital
localization index system. The
international capital localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international capital localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international operation
capital localization index, international investment capital localization
index, etc.
localization index system. The
international capital localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international capital localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international operation
capital localization index, international investment capital localization
index, etc.
2.2.3.5. International operation
localization index
2.2.3.5.1. Definition of international
operation localization index
The degree which
enterprises outside an economic wheel have operation organization inside the
economic wheel is defined as international operation localization index of the
economic wheel.
enterprises outside an economic wheel have operation organization inside the
economic wheel is defined as international operation localization index of the
economic wheel.
2.2.3.5.2. Calculation of international
operation localization index
International operation
localization index = Total number of enterprises outside an economic wheel
which have operation organization inside the economic wheel / total number of
enterprises within an economic wheel
localization index = Total number of enterprises outside an economic wheel
which have operation organization inside the economic wheel / total number of
enterprises within an economic wheel
2.2.3.5.3. Systematization of
international operation localization index
When necessary, it is also possible to establish an international operation
localization index system. The
international operation localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international operation localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international manufacturing
industry operation localization index, international service industry operation
of localization index, international finance industry operation localization
index, etc.
localization index system. The
international operation localization index system is an index system for
assessing the different aspects of international operation localization degree
within an economic wheel. This system can include: international manufacturing
industry operation localization index, international service industry operation
of localization index, international finance industry operation localization
index, etc.
3. The significance of economic wheel
internationalization index
3.1. Comprehensively understand the internationalization degree of local
economy outside an economic wheel
3.2. Comprehensively understand the localization degree of international
economy inside an economic wheel
3.3. Provide an accurate factual data foundation for the international
development of an economic wheel
3.4. Provide an accurate
factual data foundation for regional cooperation within an economic wheel
factual data foundation for regional cooperation within an economic wheel
3.5. Provide an accurate
factual data foundation for the development of international division of labor
and cooperation
factual data foundation for the development of international division of labor
and cooperation
3.6. The scalability of the concept of economic wheel allows the
internationalization index of economic wheel to be applied to a wider range of
regional levels, such as cities, regions, provinces, inter-provincial economic
zones, nationals, regional economic alliances, the United Nations
3.7. Provide an accurate factual data foundation for global investment and
trade cooperation and policy development, such as: WTO development, bilateral
and multilateral trade negotiations, etc.
本文作者首次提出了经济轮国际化指标的概念，这一概念对于国际分工与国际合作具有非常现实而精确的指导意义，是制定一个经济轮国际化战略的理论基础，也是促进经济全球化和本地化合理发展的理论基础，是对备战经济学派的重大贡献。
1. 前言
经济全球化和国际化是技术发展的一个必然，也是在全球范围内进行资源配置和市场扩张的一个必然结果。那么，如何判定一个经济轮的国际化程度呢？如何实现合理的经济全球化和国际化呢？这里我提出经济轮国际化指标的概念，来较为全面地分析和阐述一个经济轮国际化的程度，并依此理论来为国际分工与合作提供精确的事实数据基础。当一个国家被称为一个经济轮时，经济轮国际化指标就成为一个国家的宏观经济的国际化指标，也就是国民经济评价体系的第十个指标，即国民经济发展的国际化指标。
2. 经济轮的国际化指标
对于每一个经济轮来讲，其国际化都包含有两个方面的含义：一个是本地企业和产品在该经济轮之外的发展状况，一个是经济轮之外的国际企业和产品在该经济轮之内的发展状况。因此，经济轮国际化指标的概念应当是一个概念组合，而不应当只是一个概念。以下是这一概念组合的具体化：
2.1. 本地国际化指标
2.1.1.
本地企业的国际化指标
本地企业的国际化指标
这一概念有许多相类似的提法，例如：企业国际化程度[1] ，企业国际化指数[2]，经济国际化的测评指标体系[3]，等等。但这些提法要么是针对单一企业国际化程度的描述，要么是综合国内国际的多方位的国际化指标。我所提出的一个经济轮的本地企业的国际化指标不是对于某一个单一企业的国际化程度的描述，也不是对于一个经济轮内部的企业国际化程度的描述，它是对于一个经济轮内部的企业在其外部参与经济活动程度的描述。本地企业国际化指标是指一个经济轮内部的企业在其外部参与经济活动程度的指标。
2.1.2.
本地企业国际化指标的计算
本地企业国际化指标的计算
本地企业国际化指标应当是可以简单地加以计算的。一个经济轮内部的企业在其外部参与的经济活动主要有两种情形应当加以考虑：一个是本地企业在其经济轮之外具有独立的办事机构，一个是本地企业在其经济轮之外具有产品或服务的出售，二者有重复的情形时，则不予重复计算。非经营性金融活动，则不应考虑。
本地企业国际化指标 = 一个经济轮内部的企业参与其外部经济活动的企业总数/一个经济轮内部的企业总数
2.1.3.
本地企业国际化指标的体系化
本地企业国际化指标的体系化
本地企业国际化指标可以了解一个经济轮内部的企业国际化的总体情形，但却不能够了解一个经济轮企业国际化程度的方方面面，
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立本地企业国际化指标体系。本地企业国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的企业国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地产品国际化指标，本地服务国际化指标，本地金融服务国际化指标，本地技术国际化指标，本地资本国际化指标，本地运营国际化指标，等等。
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立本地企业国际化指标体系。本地企业国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的企业国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地产品国际化指标，本地服务国际化指标，本地金融服务国际化指标，本地技术国际化指标，本地资本国际化指标，本地运营国际化指标，等等。
2.1.3.1.本地产品国际化指标
2.1.3.1.1. 本地产品国际化指标的定义
一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮内部所制造的产品被出售到该经济轮之外的程度就被定义为一个经济轮本地产品国际化指标。
2.1.3.1.2. 本地产品国际化指标的计算
本地产品国际化指标 = 一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮内部所制造的产品被出售到该经济轮之外的销售额/一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮内部所制造的产品的全部的销售额。
2.1.3.1.3.
本地产品国际化指标的体系化
本地产品国际化指标的体系化
如同本地企业国际化指标，本地产品国际化指标可以了解一个经济轮内部的产品国际化的总体情形，但却不能够了解一个经济轮产品国际化程度的方方面面，
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立本地产品国际化指标体系。本地产品国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的产品国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地农副产品国际化指标，本地军工产品国际化指标，本地信息产品国际化指标，本地资源产品国际化指标，本地交通产品国际化指标，本地民生产品国际化指标，等等。就每一个产品进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的产品类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单个的产品进行评估。
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立本地产品国际化指标体系。本地产品国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的产品国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地农副产品国际化指标，本地军工产品国际化指标，本地信息产品国际化指标，本地资源产品国际化指标，本地交通产品国际化指标，本地民生产品国际化指标，等等。就每一个产品进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的产品类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单个的产品进行评估。
2.1.3.2.本地服务国际化指标
2.1.3.2.1.
本地服务国际化指标的定义
本地服务国际化指标的定义
一个经济轮内部的服务性企业在该经济轮之外提供服务的程度就被定义为一个经济轮本地服务国际化指标。
2.1.3.2.2.
本地服务国际化指标的计算
本地服务国际化指标的计算
本地服务国际化指标 = 一个经济轮内部的服务性企业在该经济轮之外的销售额/一个经济轮内部的服务性企业的全部销售额的总和。
2.1.3.2.3.
本地服务国际化指标的体系化
本地服务国际化指标的体系化
如同本地企业国际化指标，本地服务国际化指标可以了解一个经济轮内部的服务国际化的总体情形，但却不能够了解一个经济轮服务国际化程度的方方面面，
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立本地服务国际化指标体系。本地服务国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的服务国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地旅游服务国际化指标，本地人力资源服务国际化指标，本地金融服务国际化指标，本地信息服务国际化指标，本地教育服务国际化指标，本地交通服务国际化指标，本地卫生保健服务国际化指标，等等。就每一项服务进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的服务类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单项的服务进行评估。
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立本地服务国际化指标体系。本地服务国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的服务国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地旅游服务国际化指标，本地人力资源服务国际化指标，本地金融服务国际化指标，本地信息服务国际化指标，本地教育服务国际化指标，本地交通服务国际化指标，本地卫生保健服务国际化指标，等等。就每一项服务进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的服务类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单项的服务进行评估。
2.1.3.3.本地技术国际化指标
2.1.3.3.1.
本地技术国际化指标的定义
本地技术国际化指标的定义
一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮之外提供技术输出的程度就被定义为一个经济轮本地技术国际化指标。
2.1.3.3.2.
本地技术国际化指标的计算
本地技术国际化指标的计算
本地技术国际化指标 = 一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮之外的技术输出的销售额/一个经济轮内部的企业的全部技术输出销售额的总和。
2.1.3.3.3.
本地技术国际化指标的体系化
本地技术国际化指标的体系化
必要时，也可以建立本地技术国际化指标体系。本地技术国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的技术国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地信息技术国际化指标，本地交通技术国际化指标，本地军工技术国际化指标，本地农业技术国际化指标，本地医药医疗保健技术国际化指标，等等。
2.1.3.4.本地资本国际化指标
2.1.3.4.1.
本地资本国际化指标的定义
本地资本国际化指标的定义
一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮之外提供资本输出的程度就被定义为一个经济轮本地资本国际化指标。
2.1.3.4.2.
本地资本国际化指标的计算
本地资本国际化指标的计算
本地资本国际化指标 = 一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮之外的资本输出总额/一个经济轮内部的企业的全部流动资产的总和。
这里资本输出指的是一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮之外的任何形式的资本的存在。
2.1.3.4.3.
本地资本国际化指标的体系化
本地资本国际化指标的体系化
必要时，也可以建立本地资本国际化指标体系。本地资本国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的资本国际化程度的不同用途进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地经营性资本国际化指标，本地投资性资本国际化指标，等等。
2.1.3.5.本地运营国际化指标
2.1.3.5.1.
本地运营国际化指标的定义
本地运营国际化指标的定义
一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮之外拥有运营机构的程度就被定义为一个经济轮本地运营国际化指标。
2.1.3.5.2.
本地运营国际化指标的计算
本地运营国际化指标的计算
本地运营国际化指标 = 在一个经济轮外部拥有运营机构的经济轮内部的企业总数/一个经济轮内部的企业总数
2.1.3.5.3.
本地运营国际化指标的体系化
本地运营国际化指标的体系化
必要时，也可以建立本地运营国际化指标体系。本地运营国际化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的企业运营国际化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：本地制造业运营国际化指标，本地服务业运营国际化指标，本地金融业运营国际化指标，等等。
2.2.
国际本地化指标
国际本地化指标
2.2.1.
国际企业的本地化指标
国际企业的本地化指标
如同本地企业国际化指标一样，国际企业本地化指标这一概念也有许多相类似的提法，例如：跨国公司本地化指数[4] ，等等。但这概念大都是针对单一国际企业本地化程度的描述。我所提出的一个经济轮的国际企业的本地化指标不是对于某一个单一国际企业的本地化程度的描述，它是对于一个经济轮外部的企业参与该经济轮内部经济活动的程度的描述。国际企业本地化指标是指一个经济轮外部的企业参与该经济轮内部经济活动程度的指标。
2.2.2.
国际企业本地化指标的计算
国际企业本地化指标的计算
国际企业本地化指标应当是可以简单地加以计算的。一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮内部参与的经济活动主要有两种情形应当加以考虑：一个是外部企业在该经济轮之内具有独立的办事机构，一个是外部企业在该经济轮之内具有产品或服务的出售，二者有重复的情形时，则不予重复计算。非经营性金融活动，则不应考虑。
国际企业本地化指标 = 一个经济轮外部的企业参与其内部经济活动的企业总数/一个经济轮内部的企业总数
2.2.3.
国际企业本地化指标的体系化
国际企业本地化指标的体系化
国际企业本地化指标可以了解一个经济轮内部的国际企业（外部企业）参与其经济活动的总体情形，但却不能够了解一个经济轮内部国际企业本地化程度的方方面面，
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立国际企业本地化指标体系。国际企业本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮外部的企业参与其内部经济活动程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际产品本地化指标，国际服务本地化指标，国际金融服务本地化指标，国际技术本地化指标，国际资本本地化指标，国际运营本地化指标，等等。
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立国际企业本地化指标体系。国际企业本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮外部的企业参与其内部经济活动程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际产品本地化指标，国际服务本地化指标，国际金融服务本地化指标，国际技术本地化指标，国际资本本地化指标，国际运营本地化指标，等等。
2.2.3.1.
国际产品本地化指标
国际产品本地化指标
2.2.3.1.1. 国际产品本地化指标的定义
一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮外部所制造的产品被出售到该经济轮之内的程度就被定义为一个经济轮的国际产品本地化指标。
2.2.3.1.2. 国际产品本地化指标的计算
国际产品本地化指标 = 一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮外部所制造的产品被出售到该经济轮之内的销售额/一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮内部所制造的产品被出售到该经济轮内部的全部的销售额。
2.2.3.1.3.
国际产品本地化指标的体系化
国际产品本地化指标的体系化
如同国际企业本地化指标，国际产品本地化指标可以了解一个经济轮内部的国际产品本地化的总体情形，但却不能够了解一个经济轮内部国际产品本地化程度的方方面面，
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立国际产品本地化指标体系。国际产品本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的国际产品本地化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际农副产品本地化指标，国际军工产品本地化指标，国际信息产品本地化指标，国际资源产品本地化指标，国际交通产品本地化指标，国际民生产品本地化指标，等等。就每一个产品进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的产品类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单个的产品进行评估。
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立国际产品本地化指标体系。国际产品本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的国际产品本地化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际农副产品本地化指标，国际军工产品本地化指标，国际信息产品本地化指标，国际资源产品本地化指标，国际交通产品本地化指标，国际民生产品本地化指标，等等。就每一个产品进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的产品类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单个的产品进行评估。
2.2.3.2.
国际服务本地化指标
国际服务本地化指标
2.2.3.2.1. 国际服务本地化指标的定义
一个经济轮外部的服务性企业在该经济轮之内提供服务的程度就被定义为一个经济轮国际服务本地化指标。
2.2.3.2.2. 国际服务本地化指标的计算
国际服务本地化指标 = 一个经济轮外部的服务性企业在该经济轮之内的销售额/一个经济轮内部的服务性企业在该经济轮内部的全部销售额的总和。
2.2.3.2.3.
国际服务本地化指标的体系化
国际服务本地化指标的体系化
如同国际企业本地化指标，国际服务本地化指标可以了解一个经济轮内部的国际服务本地化的总体情形，但却不能够了解一个经济轮国际服务本地化程度的方方面面，
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立国际服务本地化指标体系。国际服务本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的国际服务本地化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际旅游服务本地化指标，国际人力资源服务本地化指标，国际金融服务本地化指标，国际信息服务本地化指标，国际教育服务本地化指标，国际交通服务本地化指标，国际卫生保健服务本地化指标，等等。就每一项服务进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的服务类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单项的服务进行评估。
因此，很有必要借鉴经济国际化测评指标体系[3]来建立国际服务本地化指标体系。国际服务本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮内部的国际服务本地化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际旅游服务本地化指标，国际人力资源服务本地化指标，国际金融服务本地化指标，国际信息服务本地化指标，国际教育服务本地化指标，国际交通服务本地化指标，国际卫生保健服务本地化指标，等等。就每一项服务进行评估是没有必要的，就几个大的服务类别进行评估就可以了，当有需要时，可以就单项的服务进行评估。
2.2.3.3.
国际技术本地化指标
国际技术本地化指标
2.2.3.3.1. 国际技术本地化指标的定义
一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮之内提供技术输出的程度就被定义为一个经济轮国际技术本地化指标。
2.2.3.3.2. 国际技术本地化指标的计算
国际技术本地化指标 = 一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮之内的技术输出的销售额/一个经济轮内部的企业在该经济轮内部的全部技术输出销售额的总和。
2.2.3.3.3.
国际技术本地化指标的体系化
国际技术本地化指标的体系化
必要时，也可以建立国际技术本地化指标体系。国际技术本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮外部的国际技术本地化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际信息技术本地化指标，国际交通技术本地化指标，国际军工技术本地化指标，国际农业技术本地化指标，国际医药医疗保健技术本地化指标，等等。
2.2.3.4.
国际资本本地化指标
国际资本本地化指标
2.2.3.4.1. 国际资本本地化指标的定义
一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮之内提供资本输出的程度就被定义为一个经济轮国际资本本地化指标。
2.2.3.4.2. 国际资本本地化指标的计算
国际资本本地化指标 = 一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮之内的资本输出总额/一个经济轮内部企业的全部流动资产的总和。
这里资本输出指的是一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮之内的任何形式的资本的存在。
2.2.3.4.3.
国际资本本地化指标的体系化
国际资本本地化指标的体系化
必要时，也可以建立国际资本本地化指标体系。国际资本本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮外部的国际资本本地化程度的不同用途进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际经营性资本本地化指标，国际投资性资本本地化指标，等等。
2.2.3.5.
国际运营本地化指标
国际运营本地化指标
2.2.3.5.1. 国际运营本地化指标的定义
一个经济轮外部的企业在该经济轮之内拥有运营机构的程度就被定义为一个经济轮国际运营本地化指标。
2.2.3.5.2. 国际运营本地化指标的计算
国际运营本地化指标 = 在一个经济轮内部拥有运营机构的经济轮外部企业的总数/一个经济轮内部的企业总数
2.2.3.5.3.
国际运营本地化指标的体系化
国际运营本地化指标的体系化
必要时，也可以建立国际运营本地化指标体系。国际运营本地化指标体系就是对一个经济轮外部的国际企业运营本地化程度的不同方面进行评估的一个指标体系。这一体系可以包括：国际制造业运营本地化指标，国际服务业运营本地化指标，国际金融业运营本地化指标，等等。
3.
经济轮国际化指标的意义
经济轮国际化指标的意义
3.1. 全面了解一个经济轮外本地经济的国际化程度
3.2. 全面了解一个经济轮内国际经济的本地化程度
3.3. 为经济轮的国际化发展提供精确的事实数据基础
3.4.为经济轮的内部区域合作提供精确的事实数据基础
3.5. 为国际分工与合作的发展提供精确的事实数据基础
3.6.经济轮概念的可伸缩性使得经济轮国际化指标可以适用于较为广泛的区域层次，例 如：城市，地区，省份，跨省经济区，国家，地区经济联盟，联合国
3.7. 为全球投资和贸易合作及政策制定提供精确的事实数据基础，例如：WTO的发展, 各类的双边和多边贸易谈判，等等
[1].https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwjJgYzruZzSAhUn34MKHZdbCAoQFggcMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cluteinstitute.com%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2FJABR%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F7756%2F7820&usg=AFQjCNFz6c4eZ0qTwvEyg1cgWGhC8Jei_w&sig2=fXRreYIHnIAWEly7iHm26Q&cad=rja
Article bottom adv
